Jung's Erotic Phenomenology: I. A New Translation.

In the introduction to The Psychology of the Transference (1946), Carl Jung sketched out a theory of "erotic phenomenology" which condenses his teaching about sexuality and romantic love into a very concise summary. But the meaning of this passage is obscured in the English translation given in the Collected Works of C. G. Jung. I propose here a new translation which makes Jung's meaning clearer, along with a commentary which explains it in the context of Freudian drive theory and German 19th century philosophy. Invoking the concepts of instinct, mind, and Eros (both the passion and the divine figure), Jung's theory says that male sexual desire can be cultivated or repressed in four distinct ways, each associated with a female symbolic figure or anima image: Eve, Helen, Mary and Sophia.

Dans son introduction à La Psychologie du Transfert (1946), Carl Jung esquisse une « phénoménologie érotique ¼ qui condense ses enseignements sur la sexualité et le désir en un résumé très concis. Mais le sens de ce passage est brouillé dans la traduction anglaise des Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Je propose ici une nouvelle traduction qui rend l'argument de Jung plus clair, suivie d'un commentaire qui l'explique dans le contexte de la théorie freudienne des pulsions et de la philosophie allemande du XIXe siècle. Invoquant les concepts d'instinct, d'esprit et d'Eros (en tant que passion ainsi que figure divine), la théorie de Jung dit que le désir sexuel masculin peut être cultivé ou réprimé de quatre manières distinctes, chacune associée à une figure symbolique féminine ou image de l'anima: Eve, Hélène, Marie et Sophia.

En la introducción a La Psicología de la Transferencia (1946), Carl Jung esbozó una "fenomenología erótica" que condensa sus enseñanzas sobre la sexualidad y el amor romántico en un resumen muy conciso. Pero el significado de este pasaje queda opacado en la traducción inglesa de las Obras Completas de C.G. Jung. Propongo aquí una nueva traducción que aclara el significado de Jung, junto con un comentario que lo explica en el contexto de la teoría freudiana de la pulsión y la filosofía alemana del siglo XIX. Invocando los conceptos de instinto, mente y Eros (tanto la pasión como la figura divina), la teoría de Jung expresa que el deseo sexual masculino puede cultivarse o reprimirse de cuatro maneras distintas, cada una asociada a una figura simbólica femenina o imagen del ánima: Eva, Helena, María y Sofía.

Is food preference innate instinct driven or human's free will?

The question whether food preference decisions are controlled by innate instincts, or a conscious decision-making process is still open. The answer to this question is important not only for neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers but also for food scientists and developers. Looking from different perspectives involved in food preference decisions could not only settle a long ongoing debate but also pave the way to understand why people prefer to eat what they eat.

The forgotten militant and his enduring mission: Zing-Yang Kuo and his extraordinary years in behavioral neuroembryology (1929-1939).

Zing-Yang Kuo (1898-1970), hailed as China's behaviorist psychologist, earned "Out-Watsons Mr. Watson" in the international anti-instinct movement. His contributions to the field on behavioral neuroembryology (1929-1939) are often overlooked in comparison to his achievements in psychology. We retrieved the titles of all of Kuo's publications from 1929 to 1939 and examined those related to his research on the origins and development of embryonic behavioral ontogeny and the neural basis of embryonic behavior. Remarkably, Kuo concurrently focused on embryos during the same period as North American neuroembryologists. He maintained an independent stance in the debate over the sequence of behavioral ontogeny, represented by the embryonic neuroscientists Coghill and Windle, and critically pointed out limitations in research on both sides of the debate. Drawing from his experiments with chicken embryos, Kuo proposed the theory of behavioral epigenesis, which attempted to end the nature-nurture dichotomy and promote the transformation of the research path of behavioral embryology from elementary physiological anatomy toward a deep "comprehensive science." Kuo's achievements directly laid the foundation for the interdisciplinary field of developmental psychobiology, constructing a new conceptual framework for the systematic analysis of behavioral development and promoting the establishment and development of a new approach to epiphenotype epigenetics.

'All the progressive forms of life are built up on the attraction of sex': Development and the social function of the sexual instinct in late 19th- and early 20th-century Western European sexology.

This article explores the relationship between sexual science and evolutionary models of human development and progress. It examines the ways in which late 19th- and early 20th-century Western European sexual scientists constructed the sexual instinct as an evolutionary force that not only served a reproductive purpose, but was also pivotal to the social, moral, and cultural development of human societies. Sexual scientists challenged the idea that non-reproductive sexualities were necessarily perverse, pathological, or degenerative by linking sexual desire to the evolution of sociality, often focusing on forms of relationality and care that exceeded biological kinship. As a result, non-reproductive sexual expressions, including homosexual and non-reproductive heterosexual behaviours, were interpreted as manifestations of a sexual instinct operating in the service of human development. These claims were reliant on cross-cultural and historical comparisons of sexual values, behaviours, and customs that rehearsed and reinforced imperial narratives of development premised on racialized, gendered, and classed hierarchies. Sexual scientists mapped diverse sexual behaviours in terms of their perceived evolutionary benefits, contributing to colonial narratives that distinguished between different cultures according to imagined trajectories of development. These contestations around the sexual instinct and its developmental functions played a vital role in allowing sexual science to authorize itself as a field of knowledge that promised to provide expertise required to manage sexual life and secure the global development of human civilization.

Variation in the rate of recovery in motor function between the upper and lower limbs in patients with stroke: some proposed hypotheses and their implications for research and practice.

Background: Stroke results in impairment of motor function of both the upper and lower limbs. However, although it is debatable, motor function of the lower limb is believed to recover faster than that of the upper limb. The aim of this paper is to propose some hypotheses to explain the reasons for that, and discuss their implications for research and practice. Method: We searched PubMED, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and CENTRAL using the key words, stroke, cerebrovascular accident, upper extremity, lower extremity, and motor recovery for relevant literature. Result: The search generated a total of 2,551 hits. However, out of this number, 51 duplicates were removed. Following review of the relevant literature, we proposed four hypotheses: natural instinct for walking hypothesis, bipedal locomotion hypothesis, central pattern generators (CPGs) hypothesis and role of spasticity hypothesis on the subject matter. Conclusion: We opine that, what may eventually account for the difference, is the frequency of use of the affected limb or intensity of the rehabilitation intervention. This is because, from the above hypotheses, the lower limb seems to be used more frequently. When limbs are used frequently, this will result in use-dependent plasticity and eventual recovery. Thus, rehabilitation techniques that involve high repetitive tasks practice such as robotic rehabilitation, Wii gaming and constraint induced movement therapy should be used during upper limb rehabilitation.

How patients in general practice voice and value their gut feelings about health: a qualitative interview study.

BACKGROUND: GPs consider their gut feelings a valuable tool in clinical reasoning. Research suggests patients' gut feelings may be a useful contribution to that process. Describing these feelings more precisely could improve primary care professionals' (PCPs) recognition of patients' gut feelings and insight into the underlying reasons. These descriptions would also enable a thorough examination of the validity of patients' gut feelings and their contribution to professionals' clinical reasoning. AIM: To gather the words and phrases that patients or their relatives use to share their gut feelings with primary care professionals and what they convey and imply. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative study of Dutch and Belgian patients visiting an out-of-hours GP service or a GP's office. METHOD: Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out with 47 patients. Interviews were coded using a descriptive content analysis in an iterative process until data sufficiency. RESULTS: Patients or their relatives expressed their gut feelings by using words relating to trusting or not trusting the situation, or to changes in normal patterns. Their gut feelings are most often felt as a sense of alarm. In general, patients experiencing a sense of alarm, particularly mothers of sick children, were convinced that something was wrong and had often learned to trust their gut feeling. A gut feeling was the main reason to contact a PCP. Patients generally felt that their gut feelings were taken seriously. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide an insight into how patients and relatives may express their gut feelings about their own or their relative's health and how they share these feelings with healthcare professionals. This may help clinicians improve their recognition of patients' gut feelings, being particularly alert to a patient or relative using phrases that relate to feelings of not trusting a situation, things seeming wrong or different from normal, and experiencing a sense of alarm. Further research should be carried out into the validity of patients' gut feelings.

Combination of Rapid Intrinsic Activity Measurements and Machine Learning as a Screening Approach for Multicomponent Electrocatalysts.

Machine learning (ML) coupled with quantum chemistry calculations predicts catalyst properties with high accuracy; however, ML approaches in the design of multicomponent catalysts primarily rely on simulation data because obtaining sufficient experimental data in a short time is difficult. Herein, we developed a rapid screening strategy involving nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition using a carbon nanocorn electrode as the support substrate that enables complete data collection for training artificial intelligence networks in one week. The inert support substrate ensures intrinsic activity measurement and operando characterization of the irreversible reconstruction of multinary alloy particles during the oxygen evolution reaction. Our approach works as a closed loop: catalyst synthesis-in situ measurement and characterization-database construction-ML analysis-catalyst design. Using artificial neural networks, the ML analysis revealed that the entropy values of multicomponent catalysts are proportional to their catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of high-entropy systems with different components varied little, and the overall catalytic activity was greater than that of the medium-low-entropy system. These findings will serve as a guideline for the design of catalysts.

A time-series COVID-19 policy outcome analysis tool to measure human behavior from a herd instinct perspective.

Purpose: There are 47 municipalities and prefectures in Japan that operate similar COVID-19 policies in a unified manner. There are significant differences regarding their policy outcomes. In order to investigate when the outcomes are different, we made a COVID-19 policy outcome analysis tool, jpcovid for evaluating time-series scores of individual prefectures, not a policy analysis tool. Methods: Scoring policies is based on a single population mortality metric: the number of COVID-19 deaths divided by the population in millions from a demographic perspective. Results: Although uniformed policies have been adopted by the 47 prefectures in Japan, there are significant differences in the calculated scores among the 47 prefectures. This difference can be caused by differences in the herding instincts of the community with COVID-19 variants. The herd instinct is an inherent tendency to associate with others and follow the group's behavior or a behavior wherein people tend to react to the actions of others without considering the reason. The snapshot scoring tool, jpscore showed that Niigata has the best score of 67.9 while Osaka has the worst score of 727.9. jpcovid allows users to identify when herd instincts made changes in time-series scores. Conclusions: This is the world's first large-scale measurement on the herd instinct of prefectures in Japan. The proposed method can be applied to other countries in general. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12553-023-00759-x.

Entre destruição e subversão: o suicídio como resposta ao trauma / Between destruction and subversion: suicide as a response to trauma / Entre la destrucción y la subversión: el suicidio como respuesta al trauma

INTRODUÇÃO: O suicídio consiste em um fenômeno complexo que integra em si as diversas relações entre a vida e a morte e que, apesar dos grandes avanços científicos, continua predominantemente obscuro e enigmático ao campo científico. Os diversos modos e significados assumidos pelo comportamento suicida são fortemente influenciados por ambos os aspectos subjetivos e coletivos do contexto psicossocial em que se manifesta. Entretanto, mesmo sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública de extrema urgência e relevância social, o suicídio ainda é frequentemente tratado pela sociedade de forma reducionista e permeada por tabus e crenças problemáticas. OBJETIVO: Investigar, a partir das obras de Sigmund Freud e Sándor Ferenczi, as possibilidades de ressignificação do suicídio em decorrência do trauma psíquico, tendo como principal guia as ações e efeitos da pulsão de morte neste processo. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo teórico de caráter exploratório e baseado na análise da literatura psicanalítica clássica acerca do tema. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se como principal resultado que, quando contextualizado ao cenário traumático, o suicídio pode tornar-se o último recurso de proteção contra as forças externas destrutivas. Neste sentido, ao empregar as potências da pulsão de morte objetivando a preservação do sujeito, o suicídio configura-se como principal símbolo da insubordinação frente ao trauma. CONCLUSÃO: A pulsão de morte consiste em um dos principais meios pelos quais fenômenos como o suicídio podem ser repensados e ressignificados em sua relação com as diversas esferas das vivências humanas, em especial o trauma psíquico.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide consists of a complex phenomenon that integrates the various relationships between life and death and which, despite great scientific advances, remains predominantly obscure and enigmatic to the scientific field. The different forms and meanings assumed by suicidal behavior are strongly influenced by both subjective and collective aspects of the psychosocial context in which it is manifested. It is known that suicidal behavior can assume several forms and meanings, being strongly influenced by both subjective and collective aspects of the psychosocial context in which it is manifested. However, even though it is considered a public health problem of extreme urgency and social relevance, suicide is still often treated by society in a reductionist way and permeated by taboos and problematic beliefs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate, based on Sigmund Freud's and Sándor Ferenczi's works, the possibilities of re-signifying suicide as a result of psychic trauma, having as main guide the actions and effects of death drive in this process. METHODS: It consists of a theoretical study of exploratory character based on the analysis of classical literature about the theme. RESULTS: It was identified as the main result that, when contextualized to a traumatic scenario, suicide can become the last resource of protection against destructive external forces. In this sense, by employing the powers of the death drive aiming at the subject's preservation, suicide is configured as the main symbol of insubordination to trauma. CONCLUSION: The death drive consists in one of the main ways through which phenomena, such as suicide, can be rethought and re-signified in its relation with the several spheres of human experiences, especially psychic trauma.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El suicidio consiste en un fenómeno complejo que integra las diversas relaciones entre la vida y la muerte y que, a pesar de los grandes avances científicos, sigue siendo predominantemente oscuro y enigmático para el campo científico. Los diferentes modos y significados que asume la conducta suicida están fuertemente influenciados por aspectos tanto subjetivos como colectivos del contexto psicosocial en el que se manifiesta. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser considerado un problema de salud pública de extrema urgencia y relevancia social, el suicidio sigue siendo tratado con frecuencia por la sociedad de forma reduccionista y impregnado de tabúes y creencias problemáticas. OBJETIVO: Indagar, a partir de los trabajos de Sigmund Freud y Sándor Ferenczi, las posibilidades de resignificación del suicidio como consecuencia de un trauma psíquico, teniendo como guía principal las acciones y efectos de la pulsión de muerte en ese proceso. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio teórico de carácter exploratorio basado en el análisis de la literatura clásica sobre el tema. RESULTADOS: Se identificó como resultado principal que, cuando contextualizado al escenario traumático, el suicidio puede convertirse en el último recurso de protección contra las fuerzas externas destructivas. En este sentido, al emplear los poderes de la pulsión de muerte con el objetivo de preservar al sujeto, el suicidio se configura como el principal símbolo de insubordinación frente al trauma. CONCLUSIÓN: La pulsión de muerte es uno de los principales medios por los cuales fenómenos como el suicidio pueden ser repensados y resignificados en su relación con varias esferas de las experiencias humanas, especialmente el trauma psíquico.

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct.

Since Jung's death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.

Depuis la mort de Jung en 1961, les chercheurs ont tenté d'intégrer les données nouvelles de la biologie avec les concepts Jungiens tels que l'inconscient collectif, les instincts et les archétypes. Cette initiative a rencontré des difficultés car des dichotomies fausses mais tenaces sur le sujet des gènes et de l'environnement se manifestaient. Les travaux récents de Roesler (2022a, 2022b) par exemple ont exprimé des objections à la théorie biologique des archétypes. Cependant ces objections sont biaisées par les dichotomies mentionnées. Le concept de plasticité phénotypique, cependant, aide à la fois à éviter ce problème et à former une passerelle entre des théories rivales et un modèle mieux intégré et doté de solides fondements biologiques.

Desde la muerte de Jung en 1961, académicos han intentado integrar data creciente de las ciencias biológicas a conceptos Junguianos como inconsciente colectivo, instintos y arquetipos. Esta empresa ha sido desafiada debido al surgimiento ocasional de persistentes falsas dicotomías entre genes y medio ambiente. Trabajos recientes de Roesler (2022a, 2022b), por ejemplo, han planteado objeciones a la teoría biológica del arquetipo, pero las objeciones se encuentran afectadas por semejantes dicotomías. El concepto de plasticidad fenotípica, sin embargo, ayuda a evitar este problema, así como a subsanar la brecha entre teorías contrapuestas, hacia un modelo más integrado con fundamentos biógicos sólidos.

Drive, instinct, reflex-Applications to treatment of anxiety, depressive and addictive disorders.

The neuropsychoanalytic approach solves important aspects of how to use our understanding of the brain to treat patients. We describe the neurobiology underlying motivation for healthy behaviors and psychopathology. We have updated Freud's original concepts of drive and instinct using neuropsychoanalysis in a way that conserves his insights while adding information that is of use in clinical treatment. Drive (Trieb) is a pressure to act on an internal stimulus. It has a motivational energic source, an aim, an object, and is terminated by the satisfaction of a surge of serotonin. An instinct (Instinkt) is an inherited pattern of behavior that varies little from species to species. Drives are created by internal/ventral brain factors. Instincts require input from the outside that arrive through dorsal brain structures. In our model unpleasure is the experience of unsatisfied drives while pleasure if fueled by a propitious human environment. Motivational concepts can be used guide clinical work. Sometimes what had previously described psychoanalytically as, "Internal conflict," can be characterized neurobiologically as conflicts between different motivational systems. These motivational systems inform treatment of anxiety and depression, addiction in general and specific problems of opioid use disorder. Our description of motivation in addictive illness shows that the term, "reward system," is incorrect, eliminating a source of stigmatizing addiction by suggesting that it is hedonistic. Understanding that motivational systems that have both psychological and brain correlates can be a basis for treating various disorders. Over many papers the authors have described the biology of drives, instincts, unpleasure and pleasure. We will start with a summary of our work, then show its clinical application.

Parental Behaviour in Sows.

Parental behaviour in sows begins with prepartum nest-building behaviour, which mainly consists of rooting, pawing, and foraging, to achieve a structure for farrowing and to nurse and protect the offspring. A hormonal background is linked to the onset and cessation of nest-building behaviour. The ambient farrowing environment that can adequately address the needs for nest-building behaviour thus plays an important role in good parental behaviour of the sows during and after farrowing. In addition to these environmental factors, here we also discuss other well-known intrinsic factors, such as heredity, parental experience, and litter size, affecting parental behaviour of the sows for successful farrowing and lactating performance.

Wired to Connect: The Autonomic Socioemotional Reflex Arc.

We have previously proposed that mothers and infants co-regulate one another's autonomic state through an autonomic conditioning mechanism, which starts during gestation and results in the formation of autonomic socioemotional reflexes (ASRs) following birth. Theoretically, autonomic physiology associated with the ASR should correlate concomitantly with behaviors of mother and infant, although the neuronal pathway by which this phenomenon occurs has not been elucidated. In this paper, we consider the neuronal pathway by which sensory stimuli between a mother and her baby/child affect the physiology and emotional behavior of each. We divide our paper into two parts. In the first part, to gain perspective on current theories on the subject, we conduct a 500-year narrative history of scientific investigations into the human nervous system and theories that describe the neuronal pathway between sensory stimulus and emotional behavior. We then review inconsistencies between several currently accepted theories and recent data. In the second part, we lay out a new theory of emotions that describes how sensory stimuli between mother and baby unconsciously control the behavior and physiology of both. We present a theory of mother/infant emotion based on a set of assumptions fundamentally different from current theories. Briefly, we propose that mother/infant sensory stimuli trigger conditional autonomic socioemotional reflexes (ASRs), which drive cardiac function and behavior without the benefit of the thalamus, amygdala or cortex. We hold that the ASR is shaped by an evolutionarily conserved autonomic learning mechanism (i.e., functional Pavlovian conditioning) that forms between mother and fetus during gestation and continues following birth. We highlight our own and others research findings over the past 15 years that support our contention that mother/infant socioemotional behavior is driven by mutual autonomic state plasticity, as opposed to cortical trait plasticity. We review a novel assessment tool designed to measure the behaviors associated with the ASR phenomenon. Finally, we discuss the significance of our theory for the treatment of mothers and infants with socioemotional disorders.

The Self and alien self in psyche and soma.

This paper compares presentations of disorders of the sense of body ownership and agency from psychoanalytic and neurological perspectives to demonstrate similarities in symptomatology proposing these similarities arise from adjustments in Friston's generative model of self-organization and selfhood. The implications for the analytic model of the Self, for clinical practice and for neuroscience research are considered. Patients with narcissistic disorders use projective defences resulting in a disordered sense of what belongs to whom. This applies to mind and body of self and other and is central to understanding transference and countertransference. Clinical observations of this disordered sense of ownership and agency mirror findings in neurological disorders. This paper proposes that in both neurological and psychological disorders Friston's 'internal generative model' of selfhood is adjusted. Further to this whilst this adjustment may be either neurogenic or psychogenic, the final neural mechanism and symptomatic outcome are similar. On the basis of these observations the paper compares the concept of the Self from Jungian and psychoanalytic perspectives. Finally, the implications for the concept of the death instinct and Britton's concept of Xenophobia are explored along with the implications of these observations for clinical practice.

Cet article compare les présentations des troubles du sens de la propriété du corps et de la capacité d'action selon les perspectives psychanalytiques et neurologiques afin de montrer les similarités dans la symptomatologie. L'article suggère que ces similarités proviennent d'ajustements dans le modèle générateur de Friston de l'organisation et du sentiment de soi. L'article s'intéresse aux implications pour le modèle analytique du soi, pour la pratique clinique et pour la recherche en neurosciences. Les patients qui ont des troubles narcissiques utilisent des défenses projectives qui produisent un sentiment troublé de « quoi appartient à qui ¼. Ceci s'applique à l'esprit et au corps - de soi et de l'autre - et est central dans la compréhension du transfert et du contretransfert. Les observations cliniques de ce sentiment troublé d'appartenance et de capacité d'action reflètent les découvertes sur les troubles neurologiques. Cet article suggère que dans les troubles neurologiques et dans les troubles psychologiques le 'modèle générateur interne' du sentiment de soi de Friston est ajusté. De plus, bien que cet ajustement puisse être soit neurogène soit psychogène, le mécanisme neural final et le résultat symptomatique sont similaires. Sur la base de ces observations l'article compare le concept du Soi des points de vue Jungien et psychanalytique. Enfin les implications en ce qui concerne le concept de pulsion de mort et le concept de Britton de Xénophobie sont étudiées aux côtés des conséquences de ces observations pour la pratique clinique.

El presente trabajo compara presentaciones de trastornos de la sensación de agencia y posesión del propio cuerpo desde perspectivas psicoanalíticas y neurológicas para demostrar similitudes en sintomatología, proponiendo que estas similitudes emergen de ajustes según el modelo de autoorganización e identidad de Friston. Se consideran las implicancias de la práctica clínica y de investigaciones en neurociencias para un modelo analítico del self. Pacientes con trastornos narcisistas utilizan defensas proyectivas que resultan en un sentido desordenado de qué pertenece a quién. Esto aplica a la mente y al cuerpo de uno mismo y del otro y es central para la comprensión de la transferencia y contratransferencia. Las observaciones clínicas de este trastorno del sentido de agencia y posesión reflejan hallazgos en trastornos neurológicos. El artículo propone que, tanto en trastornos neurológicos como psicológicos, el 'modelo generativo interno' de la identidad de Friston es adaptativo. Además, mientras esta adaptación puede ser neurogénica o psicogénica, el resultado sintomático y el mecanismo final neural son similares. Sobre la base de estas observaciones, el trabajo compara el concepto de Self desde las perspectivas Junguiana y psicoanalítica. Finalmente, se exploran las implicaciones del concepto de instinto de muerte y el concepto de Xenofobia de Britton, junto a las consecuencias de estas observaciones para la práctica clínica.

The Unwelcome Child as a Dynamic Construct of the Terrorist Mind.

Psychoanalytic discourse on the dynamics of the terrorist mindset has been challenged by the absence of clinical work with terrorists in the literature. This paper proposes Ferenczi's concept of the unwelcome child as a dynamic construct of the terrorist mind. Unwelcome children have weak life instincts and correspondingly high death instincts. Clinical material from the analysis of an unwelcome child is presented which suggests that a sense of anomie and alienation from social ties may lead to a fundamentalist mind set which may potentially lead to a search for meaning in terrorist acts. The struggle between life and death instincts is demonstrated in the clinical material, with life instinct tipping the scales in this instance. Self-preservative survival instinct is proposed as the theoretical construct for life instinct in contrast to Freud's libido theory. The unwelcome child represents an object relations theory of the death instinct. Unwelcome children are likely a widespread phenomenon with significant social consequences.

The unwelcome child and a lack of acceptance of new ideas.

Ferenczi's idea of the unwelcome child and his death instinct is used as a background for discussing the treatment of adult patients who do not expect to be received and understood and who turn their aggression back upon themselves, destroying their will to live. When these patients enter analysis, they are very difficult to reach because they have internalized an obstructive object (Bion, 1958). Further, I have linked the unwelcoming of a child to the hatred of the new idea. The paper highlights the deadening defenses that arise in response to awareness of premature separateness between mother and baby, inevitably experienced by an unwelcome child. Coming alive involves suffering the pain of the original loss. To avoid this pain, patients reject anything new, and become stuck in monotonous, seemingly lifeless, patterns where new ideas and new ways of being threaten the static order. This includes the threat that relationship with the analyst brings.

A agressividade na etapa inicial da teoria freudiana / Aggressiveness in the early stage of Freudian theory / La agresividad en la etapa inicial de la teoría freudiana

Ao longo de sua teoria, Freud procurou compreender e explicar as manifestações agressivas e hostis do ser humano. Podemos dividir essas explicações em três fases. Na primeira, do início de seus escritos até 1913, é enfatizada a ligação entre as manifestações agressivas e as pulsões sexuais. Na segunda, de 1914 até os textos que precedem Além do princípio do prazer (1920), ganha ênfase a abordagem das manifestações agressivas decorrentes das pulsões do Eu. Na terceira, a partir de 1920 até o final de sua obra, as manifestações agressivas passam a ser pensadas, sobretudo, como derivadas da pulsão de morte. Neste artigo, concentramos nossa atenção na primeira fase da teorização de Freud sobre agressividade, com o objetivo de descrever e analisar como o autor concebeu as manifestações agressivas nesse período. A maioria das publicações sobre a agressividade na obra freudiana abordam as ideias apresentadas pelo autor a partir de 1920, de forma que permanece ainda pouco elucidada sua concepção prévia sobre o tema, o que justifica o presente trabalho.

Throughout his theory, Freud sought to understand and explain the human being's aggressive and hostile manifestations. We can divide these explanations into three phases. In the first one, from the beginning of his writings until 1913, the link between aggressive manifestations and sexual instincts is emphasized. In the second phase, from 1914 to the texts that precede "Beyond the pleasure principle" (1920), the aggressive manifestations arising from the ego-instincts are emphasized. In the third phase, from 1920 until the end of Freud's work, aggressive manifestations are thought, above all, as derived from the death instinct. In this article, we focus our attention on the first phase of Freud's theorization on aggressiveness, discussing how the author conceived aggressive manifestations in this period. Most publications on aggressiveness in Freud's work address the author's ideas since 1920, so his previous conception on the subject remains unclear, which justifies the present work.

A lo largo de su teoría, Freud intentó comprender y explicar las manifestaciones agresivas y hostiles del ser humano. Podemos dividir estas explicaciones en tres fases. En la primera, desde el inicio de sus escritos hasta 1913, se enfatiza el vínculo entre las manifestaciones agresivas y las pulsiones sexuales. En la segunda, desde 1914 hasta los textos precedentes a Más allá del principio de placer (1920), se enfatiza el abordaje de las manifestaciones agresivas derivadas de las pulsiones del Yo. En la tercera fase, desde 1920 hasta el final de su obra, las manifestaciones agresivas pasan a ser pensadas, sobre todo, como derivadas de la pulsión de muerte. En este artículo, centramos nuestra atención en la primera fase de la teorización de Freud sobre la agresividad, con el objetivo de describir y analizar cómo el autor concibe las manifestaciones agresivas en este período. La mayoría de las publicaciones sobre la agresividad en la obra freudiana abordan las ideas presentadas por el autor a partir de 1920, por lo que su concepción previa sobre el tema permanece poco trabajada, lo que justifica el presente estudio.

Maternal Erotic Transferences and the Work of the Abject.

Kristeva's profound and comprehensive understanding of maternal eroticism allows us to examine the ways in which a negative maternal transference, structured through the work of the abject, can be viewed as a maternal erotic transference in its devitalizing form. Through the use of a clinical case, the revitalizing experiences of maternal eroticism within analytic process facilitate the emergence of a maternal erotic transference in its vitalizing form. The lack of erotic dimensions in maternal transferences, it is argued, may be viewed as present absences, and the development of a positive maternal erotic transference as an achievement. André Green's visual-spatial metaphor of foreclosed space is extended as an imploding force wherein abject signifiers do their devitalizing work. In contrast, the usable space of a healthy psychoanalytic process is viewed as the envelope around which abject signifiers emerge, becoming available for psychoanalytic work. A transformation related to the author's experiences with her dying mother is shown to have expanded her containing capacities, including new areas of patience and receptivity. These dynamics are placed within the context of a multiverse conception of maternal eroticism, including the analyst's disciplined receptivity, viewed as an eternal signifier of the maternal.